NEET-UG Biology

Endomembrane system - ER, Golgi, lysosome, vacuole — practice questions

5 questions in the bank on this idea. Below are 5 of them, exactly as they appear in a test.

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Question 1 · difficulty L1 · recall
Which organelle modifies, sorts and packages materials received from the endoplasmic reticulum?
- A. Golgi apparatus
- B. Mitochondrion
- C. Ribosome
- D. Centrosome
Question 2 · difficulty L2 · understanding
What is the main functional difference between rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
- A. Rough ER bears ribosomes, while smooth ER lacks them
- B. Smooth ER contains DNA, while rough ER does not
- C. Rough ER produces ATP, while smooth ER produces RNA
- D. Smooth ER is outside the cytoplasm
Question 3 · difficulty L2 · understanding
Why are lysosomes often described as intracellular digestive compartments?
- A. They contain hydrolytic enzymes capable of breaking down macromolecules
- B. They synthesise ribosomal RNA
- C. They generate ATP by oxidative phosphorylation
- D. They store genetic information
Question 4 · difficulty L3 · application
A secreted protein is synthesised on membrane-bound ribosomes. Which pathway most directly describes its movement before release from the cell?
- A. Rough ER → Golgi apparatus → secretory vesicle
- B. Golgi apparatus → nucleus → mitochondrion
- C. Smooth ER → lysosome → nucleolus
- D. Ribosome → centrosome → plasma membrane
Question 5 · difficulty L4 · analysis
A cell contains abundant rough ER, a well-developed Golgi apparatus and many secretory vesicles. Which activity is the cell most likely specialised for?
- A. Export of proteins
- B. Rapid chromosome segregation
- C. Photosynthesis
- D. Movement by cilia

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