Cardiac cycle, output and heart tracings — practice questions

Question 1 · difficulty L1 · recall

The P wave of a normal ECG primarily represents:

• A. ventricular repolarisation
• B. atrial repolarisation only
• C. atrial depolarisation
• D. ventricular depolarisation

Question 2 · difficulty L1 · recall

The QRS complex primarily represents:

• A. ventricular repolarisation
• B. SA-node firing only
• C. ventricular depolarisation
• D. atrial depolarisation

Question 3 · difficulty L1 · recall

What does the P wave of a normal ECG represent?

• A. Atrial depolarisation
• B. Ventricular depolarisation
• C. Ventricular repolarisation
• D. Atrial mechanical relaxation only

Question 4 · difficulty L2 · understanding

The approximate duration of one cardiac cycle at 75 beats per minute:

• A. 0.8 s
• B. 0.2 s
• C. 5 s
• D. 1.5 s

Question 5 · difficulty L2 · understanding

Cardiac output equals:

• A. blood pressure times body mass
• B. stroke volume divided by heart rate
• C. heart rate multiplied by stroke volume
• D. pulse pressure divided by time

Question 6 · difficulty L2 · understanding

At a heart rate of about 72 beats per minute, approximately how long is one complete cardiac cycle?

• A. 0.1 second
• B. 0.8 second
• C. 0.3 second
• D. 1.5 seconds

Question 7 · difficulty L2 · understanding

Which valve event produces the first heart sound, commonly written as 'lub'?

• A. Opening of the atrioventricular valves
• B. Closure of the semilunar valves
• C. Closure of the atrioventricular valves
• D. Opening of the semilunar valves

Question 8 · difficulty L3 · application

A person has a stroke volume of 70 mL and a heart rate of 75 beats per minute. What is the approximate cardiac output?

• A. 145 mL per minute
• B. 0.525 L per minute
• C. 52.5 L per minute
• D. 5.25 L per minute

Question 9 · difficulty L3 · understanding

Match List I with List II : List - I List - II A. P wave (i) Heart muscles are electrically silent. B. QRS complex (ii) Depolarisation of ventricles. C. T wave (iii) Depolarisation of atria. D. T-P gap (iv) Repolarisation of ventricles. Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

• A. A-I, B-III, C-IV, D-II
• B. A-III, B-II, C-IV, D-I
• C. A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV
• D. A-IV, B-II, C-I, D-III

Question 10 · difficulty L3 · understanding

Match List-I with List-II. List - I (ECG) List - II (Electrical activity of heart) (A) P-wave (I) Depolarisation of ventricles (B) QRS complex (II) End of systole (C) T wave (III) Depolarisation of atria (D) End of T wave (IV) Repolarisation of ventricles Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

• A. A-(IV), B-(I), C-(III), D-(II)
• B. A-(I), B-(IV), C-(III), D-(II)
• C. A-(IV), B-(III), C-(I), D-(II)
• D. A-(III), B-(I), C-(IV), D-(II)