Hormones that tune kidney output — practice questions

Question 1 · difficulty L1 · recall

Atrial natriuretic factor generally promotes:

• A. sodium retention and vasoconstriction
• B. glucose reabsorption
• C. natriuresis and reduction of blood pressure
• D. erythropoiesis

Question 2 · difficulty L1 · recall

The renin-angiotensin system generally acts to:

• A. destroy ADH
• B. lower blood pressure by promoting sodium loss
• C. raise blood pressure and support sodium retention
• D. stop filtration completely

Question 3 · difficulty L1 · recall

Which hormone increases water reabsorption from the distal nephron and collecting duct?

• A. Antidiuretic hormone
• B. Insulin
• C. Thyroxine
• D. Glucagon

Question 4 · difficulty L2 · understanding

The hormone that increases water reabsorption in distal nephron and collecting ducts:

• A. thyroxine
• B. glucagon
• C. insulin
• D. ADH

Question 5 · difficulty L2 · understanding

What is the major renal effect of aldosterone?

• A. It blocks all sodium reabsorption
• B. It promotes sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion in distal nephron regions
• C. It directly filters plasma proteins
• D. It prevents ADH release from the brain

Question 6 · difficulty L2 · understanding

When blood volume or blood pressure falls, which kidney-associated system can be activated to help restore them?

• A. Complement system
• B. ABO blood-group system
• C. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
• D. Photoperiodic system

Question 7 · difficulty L2 · understanding

In frog, the Renal portal system is a special venous connection that acts to link:

• A. Kidney and intestine
• B. Kidney and lower part of body
• C. Liver and intestine
• D. Liver and kidney

Question 8 · difficulty L3 · application

A person becomes dehydrated after prolonged exercise. Which hormonal response most directly reduces water loss in urine?

• A. Suppression of all renal water reabsorption
• B. Decreased ADH secretion
• C. Increased insulin secretion only
• D. Increased ADH secretion

Question 9 · difficulty L3 · understanding

Arrange the following events occuring in Renin-Angiotensin mechanism in the correct order: A. Increase in blood pressure and Glomerular filtration rate B. Reabsorption of $\mathrm{Na}^{+}$and water from distal parts of tubule due to Aldosterone C. Fall in Glomerular filtration rate D. Vasoconstriction by Angiotensin II and release of Aldosterone. E. Renin converts Angiotensinogen into Angiotensin I, followed by Angiotensin II. Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

• A. $\mathrm{A}, \mathrm{C}, \mathrm{E}, \mathrm{B}, \mathrm{D}$
• B. $\mathrm{C}, \mathrm{A}, \mathrm{B}, \mathrm{D}, \mathrm{E}$
• C. $\mathrm{A}, \mathrm{D}, \mathrm{B}, \mathrm{E}, \mathrm{C}$
• D. $C, E, D, B, A$

Question 10 · difficulty L3 · understanding

The JGA (Juxta Glomerular Apparatus) is a special sensitive region formed by cellular modifications in $\_\_\_\_$ related to the same nephron.

• A. Distal convoluted tubule and efferent renal arteriole
• B. Proximal convoluted tubule and efferent renal arteriole
• C. Proximal convoluted tubule and afferent renal arteriole
• D. Distal convoluted tubule and afferent renal arteriole