Adrenal gland, two parts two jobs — practice questions

Question 1 · difficulty L1 · recall

A catecholamine secreted by adrenal medulla:

• A. aldosterone
• B. cortisol
• C. adrenaline
• D. thyroxine

Question 2 · difficulty L1 · recall

A glucocorticoid secreted by adrenal cortex:

• A. melatonin
• B. cortisol
• C. noradrenaline
• D. adrenaline

Question 3 · difficulty L1 · recall

Hyposecretion of adrenal cortex hormones can cause:

• A. Addison disease
• B. exophthalmic goitre
• C. acromegaly
• D. diabetes mellitus only

Question 4 · difficulty L1 · recall

Which part of the adrenal gland secretes adrenaline and noradrenaline?

• A. Thyroid cortex
• B. Adrenal cortex
• C. Adrenal medulla
• D. Pancreatic islets

Question 5 · difficulty L2 · understanding

Consider the following statements regarding function of adrenal medullary hormones: (A) It causes pupilary constriction. (B) It is a hyperglycemic hormone. (C) It causes piloerection. (D) It increases strength of heart contraction. Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

• A. A, C and D only
• B. D only
• C. C and D only
• D. B, C and D only

Question 6 · difficulty L2 · understanding

Cardiac activities of the heart are regulated by: A. Nodal tissue B. A special neural centre in the medulla oblongata C. Adrenal medullary hormones D. Adrenal cortical hormones Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

• A. A, C and D Only
• B. A, B and D Only
• C. A, B and C Only
• D. A, B, C and D

Question 7 · difficulty L2 · understanding

Which adrenal cortical hormone is most directly associated with sodium retention by the kidney?

• A. Melatonin
• B. Adrenaline
• C. Noradrenaline
• D. Aldosterone

Question 8 · difficulty L2 · understanding

What is a major metabolic action of glucocorticoids during stress?

• A. They help mobilise energy substrates and support blood glucose availability
• B. They directly form thyroid hormones
• C. They lower all metabolic activity to zero
• D. They convert calcium into sodium

Question 9 · difficulty L3 · application

A person suddenly experiences fear. Which adrenal secretion is expected to rise rapidly?

• A. Aldosterone from the adrenal medulla
• B. Adrenaline from the adrenal medulla
• C. Melatonin from the adrenal cortex
• D. Insulin from the adrenal cortex

Question 10 · difficulty L4 · analysis

Adrenal region X produces steroid hormones involved in salt balance and long-term stress responses, while region Y releases catecholamines during acute stress. Which regions are X and Y?

• A. Posterior and anterior pituitary
• B. Adrenal medulla and adrenal cortex
• C. Adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla
• D. Thyroid and parathyroid