Translation at the ribosome — practice questions

Question 1 · difficulty L1 · recall

The RNA acting as an adapter between codons and amino acids:

• A. rRNA only
• B. mRNA
• C. tRNA
• D. DNA

Question 2 · difficulty L3 · understanding

Against the codon 5' UAC 3', what would be the sequence of anticodon on tRNA?

• A. 5' GUA 3'
• B. 5' AUG 3'
• C. 5' ATG 3'
• D. 5' GTA 3'

Question 3 · difficulty L3 · understanding

The first phase of translation is

• A. Recognition of an anti-codon
• B. Recognition of DNA molecule
• C. Binding of mRNA to ribosome
• D. Aminoacylation of tRNA

Question 4 · difficulty L3 · application

During translation, what is the main role of transfer RNA?

• A. Carry a specific amino acid to its matching mRNA codon
• B. Copy the DNA template into a complementary RNA transcript
• C. To join Okazaki fragments
• D. To unwind the DNA helix

Question 5 · difficulty L3 · understanding

Complete the flow chart on central dogma.

• A. (a) - Transduction; (b) - Translation; (c) - Replication; (d) - Protein
• B. (a) - Replication; (b) - Transcription; (c) - Transduction; (d) - Protein
• C. (a) - Translation; (b) - Replication; (c) - Transcription; (d) - Transduction
• D. (a) - Replication; (b) - Transcription; (c) - Translation; (d) - Protein

Question 6 · difficulty L3 · understanding

Which of the following RNAs is not required for the synthesis of protein?

• A. siRNA
• B. mRNA
• C. tRNA
• D. rRNA

Question 7 · difficulty L5 · analysis

A mutation changes an mRNA codon from UAU to UAA. What is the most likely effect on translation?

• A. The ribosome switches to DNA as a template
• B. The same amino acid is inserted because all codons are synonymous
• C. Translation begins at that position
• D. Translation stops prematurely at the new stop codon